{"id":258038,"date":"2026-04-22T00:04:30","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T15:04:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/uncategorized\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/"},"modified":"2026-04-22T00:04:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T15:04:30","slug":"samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/","title":{"rendered":"Samsung C&#038;T Union Demands Hazard Pay for Employees in Middle East Amid Ongoing Conflict"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Translation result<\/p>\n<div class=\"ynaobject\" ynaimage ynatype_01><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"yna_img\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-union.tenbizt.com\/contents\/crawler-dev\/image\/2026\/04\/CP-2023-0139\/image-f6492e24-ac7c-4c9e-b2e6-3620203b128f.jpeg\" alt><span class=\"yna_title\">Samsung C&amp;T<\/span><span class=\"yna_caption\">[Provided by Samsung C&amp;T]<\/span><span class=\"yna_description\">[Provided by Samsung C&amp;T]<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p> As the conflict in the Middle East stretches on and on-site risks increase, the Samsung C&amp;T Construction Division union has formally asked the company to provide hazard pay and related support for employees deployed there. According to construction industry sources, the union sent a letter titled &#8220;Request for Hazard Pay for Middle East Site Employees&#8221; to the CEO on the 20th. In the letter, the union said it repeatedly requested, citing examples from affiliates and other firms, that the company either upgrade pay classifications or introduce hazard pay to boost morale among employees working in the Middle East. The union added the company has taken no official action so far, blaming the absence of an empowered decision-maker. The union urged the CEO, as the company&#8217;s top decision-maker, to make a prompt ruling and said it firmly believes the CEO will not ignore the legitimate demands of employees who are working around the clock on the front lines and facing significant danger. Samsung C&amp;T currently has roughly 200 employees deployed to countries including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar. The company assigns pay grades for overseas sites based on assessed risk or region, but reportedly left the Middle East pay grade unchanged even after tensions between the United States and Iran escalated. That has prompted employees to press for a pay-grade increase, hazard pay and stronger support\u2014measures already sought or implemented at peer companies such as GS Engineering &amp; Construction, Samsung E&amp;A and Daewoo E&amp;C. A Samsung C&amp;T spokesperson said, &#8220;We received the union&#8217;s letter yesterday. We will conduct a comprehensive review of employee support measures.&#8221; #realestate #war #Iran #MinistryofLand #SamsungC&amp;T #construction Yonhap News TV inquiries and tips: KakaoTalk\/LINE jebo23; Jung Dami (smjung@yna.co.kr)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Samsung C&#038;T&#8217;s construction union requests hazard pay for employees in the Middle East due to increasing risks from ongoing conflicts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_thumbnail_url":"https:\/\/cdn-union.tenbizt.com\/contents\/crawler-dev\/thumbnail\/2026\/04\/CP-2023-0139\/thumb-dfd2e89c-41f8-48e9-a6e0-5e42355ed6ab.jpg","footnotes":""},"categories":[278104],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-258038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-military"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Samsung C&amp;T Union Demands Hazard Pay for Employees in Middle East Amid Ongoing Conflict<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Samsung C&amp;T&#039;s construction union requests hazard pay for employees in the Middle East due to increasing risks from ongoing conflicts.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Samsung C&amp;T Union Demands Hazard Pay for Employees in Middle East Amid Ongoing Conflict\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Samsung C&amp;T&#039;s construction union requests hazard pay for employees in the Middle East due to increasing risks from ongoing conflicts.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"nonhyeon-ilbo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-04-21T15:04:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/cdn-union.tenbizt.com\/contents\/crawler-dev\/image\/2026\/04\/CP-2023-0139\/image-f6492e24-ac7c-4c9e-b2e6-3620203b128f.jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\uac1c\ubc1c\uae30\ud68d\ud300\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\uac1c\ubc1c\uae30\ud68d\ud300\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b2265094fd34d8bb5cfbaf6040fa17d3\"},\"headline\":\"Samsung C&#038;T Union Demands Hazard Pay for Employees in Middle East Amid Ongoing Conflict\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-21T15:04:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/\"},\"wordCount\":335,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/cdn-union.tenbizt.com\/contents\/crawler-dev\/image\/2026\/04\/CP-2023-0139\/image-f6492e24-ac7c-4c9e-b2e6-3620203b128f.jpeg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Military\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/\",\"name\":\"Samsung C&T Union Demands Hazard Pay for Employees in Middle East Amid Ongoing Conflict\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/cdn-union.tenbizt.com\/contents\/crawler-dev\/image\/2026\/04\/CP-2023-0139\/image-f6492e24-ac7c-4c9e-b2e6-3620203b128f.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-21T15:04:30+00:00\",\"description\":\"Samsung C&T's construction union requests hazard pay for employees in the Middle East due to increasing risks from ongoing conflicts.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cdn-union.tenbizt.com\/contents\/crawler-dev\/image\/2026\/04\/CP-2023-0139\/image-f6492e24-ac7c-4c9e-b2e6-3620203b128f.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/cdn-union.tenbizt.com\/contents\/crawler-dev\/image\/2026\/04\/CP-2023-0139\/image-f6492e24-ac7c-4c9e-b2e6-3620203b128f.jpeg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\ud648\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Military\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/category\/military\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Samsung C&#038;T Union Demands Hazard Pay for Employees in Middle East Amid Ongoing Conflict\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/\",\"name\":\"nonhyeon-ilbo\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"nonhyeon-ilbo\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"nonhyeon-ilbo\",\"alternateName\":\"nonhyeon-ilbo\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/cdn.tenbizt.com\/tenbizt\/2026\/02\/05114330\/mvp-org-logo-696x696-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/cdn.tenbizt.com\/tenbizt\/2026\/02\/05114330\/mvp-org-logo-696x696-1.jpg\",\"width\":696,\"height\":696,\"caption\":\"nonhyeon-ilbo\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b2265094fd34d8bb5cfbaf6040fa17d3\",\"name\":\"\uac1c\ubc1c\uae30\ud68d\ud300\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/author\/fastmaster\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Samsung C&T Union Demands Hazard Pay for Employees in Middle East Amid Ongoing Conflict","description":"Samsung C&T's construction union requests hazard pay for employees in the Middle East due to increasing risks from ongoing conflicts.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/","og_locale":"ko_KR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Samsung C&T Union Demands Hazard Pay for Employees in Middle East Amid Ongoing Conflict","og_description":"Samsung C&T's construction union requests hazard pay for employees in the Middle East due to increasing risks from ongoing conflicts.","og_url":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/","og_site_name":"nonhyeon-ilbo","article_published_time":"2026-04-21T15:04:30+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/cdn-union.tenbizt.com\/contents\/crawler-dev\/image\/2026\/04\/CP-2023-0139\/image-f6492e24-ac7c-4c9e-b2e6-3620203b128f.jpeg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"\uac1c\ubc1c\uae30\ud68d\ud300","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/"},"author":{"name":"\uac1c\ubc1c\uae30\ud68d\ud300","@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b2265094fd34d8bb5cfbaf6040fa17d3"},"headline":"Samsung C&#038;T Union Demands Hazard Pay for Employees in Middle East Amid Ongoing Conflict","datePublished":"2026-04-21T15:04:30+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/"},"wordCount":335,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cdn-union.tenbizt.com\/contents\/crawler-dev\/image\/2026\/04\/CP-2023-0139\/image-f6492e24-ac7c-4c9e-b2e6-3620203b128f.jpeg","articleSection":["Military"],"inLanguage":"ko-KR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/","url":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/","name":"Samsung C&T Union Demands Hazard Pay for Employees in Middle East Amid Ongoing Conflict","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/cdn-union.tenbizt.com\/contents\/crawler-dev\/image\/2026\/04\/CP-2023-0139\/image-f6492e24-ac7c-4c9e-b2e6-3620203b128f.jpeg","datePublished":"2026-04-21T15:04:30+00:00","description":"Samsung C&T's construction union requests hazard pay for employees in the Middle East due to increasing risks from ongoing conflicts.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ko-KR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ko-KR","@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/cdn-union.tenbizt.com\/contents\/crawler-dev\/image\/2026\/04\/CP-2023-0139\/image-f6492e24-ac7c-4c9e-b2e6-3620203b128f.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cdn-union.tenbizt.com\/contents\/crawler-dev\/image\/2026\/04\/CP-2023-0139\/image-f6492e24-ac7c-4c9e-b2e6-3620203b128f.jpeg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/military\/2026\/04\/22\/samsung-ct-union-demands-hazard-pay-for-employees-in-middle-east-amid-ongoing-conflict\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\ud648","item":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Military","item":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/category\/military\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Samsung C&#038;T Union Demands Hazard Pay for Employees in Middle East Amid Ongoing Conflict"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/","name":"nonhyeon-ilbo","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"nonhyeon-ilbo","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ko-KR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#organization","name":"nonhyeon-ilbo","alternateName":"nonhyeon-ilbo","url":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ko-KR","@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/cdn.tenbizt.com\/tenbizt\/2026\/02\/05114330\/mvp-org-logo-696x696-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/cdn.tenbizt.com\/tenbizt\/2026\/02\/05114330\/mvp-org-logo-696x696-1.jpg","width":696,"height":696,"caption":"nonhyeon-ilbo"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/b2265094fd34d8bb5cfbaf6040fa17d3","name":"\uac1c\ubc1c\uae30\ud68d\ud300","url":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/news\/author\/fastmaster\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258038"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=258038"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258038\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=258038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=258038"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tenbizt.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=258038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}